Comparison of marginal adaptation of Class II cavities restored with bulk-fill and conventional composite resins using different universal bonding agent application strategies.

BACKGROUND: This in vitro study was conducted to compare the effect of universal bonding application strategy (i.e., self-etch and etch-and-rinse) on marginal adaptation of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins in Class II restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study sixty sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected. The samples were allocated to four groups based on the universal bonding application strategy (self-etch and etch and rinse) and type of composite (bulk-fill and conventional). In each group, boxes were prepared with a depth of 4 mm on the mesial surfaces. Finally, the marginal adaptation of the samples was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the marginal adaptation data in the study. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Considering the type of universal bonding application strategy, there was a statistically significant difference in marginal adaptation. Etch-and-rinse strategy showed better marginal adaptation compared to self-etch strategy (P < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in marginal adaptation between the two composite resins (P = 0.829). Furthermore, the interaction between the two factors (type of universal bonding application strategy and type of composite resin) was not statistically significant (P = 0.629). CONCLUSION: Etch-and-rinse bonding application strategy in both the bulk-fill and conventional composite resins exhibited better marginal adaptation compared to self-etch bonding application strategy. However, the difference of marginal adaptation between the two types of composite resins (bulk and conventional) was not significant.

The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on the Remineralization Rate of Non-Cavitated Root: an In-vitro Study.

Using laser treatments and calcium and phosphate compounds to enhance remineralization has been investigated in this study. Seventy two premolar teeth were divided into four groups of 18: 1) control group; 2) laser therapy group; 3) CPP-ACP paste group; and 4) laser therapy and CPP-ACP group. Mineralization and remineralization of samples were investigated by Diagnodent. Data were reported using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and One Way ANOVA; they were analyzed using SPSS.16 statistical software. Statistical analysis showed that groups 3 and 4 had the highest rate of remineralization compared to groups 1 and 2. According to the results of this study, mineralization ranged decreasingly from group 4 to groups 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The antibacterial effect of laser therapy, leading to remineralization of calcium and phosphorus compounds, was the most effective on controlling root decay.

Effect of Home Bleaching on the Color Matching of Composite Resin Restorations

Objective: To investigate the effect of home bleaching on color matching between the dental restoration and the adjacent tooth structure after the staining process. Material and Methods: Ten intact maxillary central incisors were used. After preparation (semimesial restoration of the specimens), the specimens were immersed in a colored solution for 14 days and then were washed and the bleaching process was there after performed. A spectrophotometer apparatus was used to determine the color of the specimens in the part of the tooth filled with restorative material three times, including before the staining process, fourteen days after the staining process and immediately after the bleaching process. Paired t-test was employed to compare the color of the intact tooth and the dental restoration before and after the staining and bleaching processes. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Pre-bleaching E color of the teeth was 68.1, which increased to 78.8% after bleaching, and this increase was also statistically significant (p<0.001). Pre and Post-bleaching E color of composite restorations was 65% and 77.6%, respectively. This increase was also statistically significant (p<0.001). Postbleaching E color of the tooth and composite material was 78.8% and 77.6%, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.342). Conclusion: The staining and bleaching processes had a significant effect on the discoloration of the dental restoration and the tooth; however, the application of bleaching on the teeth and composite improved the tooth composite color-match.

Evaluation of the Color Matching of Composite Resin Restoration used for Repair with Initial Composite Resin Restoration

Objective: To investigate the color matching of the composite resin used for repaired with initial composite resin restoration after the aging process. Material and Methods: After preparation of 30 composite resin samples, their color were determined using the spectrophotometer four times and the average was recorded. After the initial aging, the color of the samples was measured again. Then, the repair process was performed with an appropriate composite resin color for each sample and the aging process was performed again. After the second aging, the color of the initial and the repaired composite resins were measured. Then, the data were analyzed by paired T-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The color difference of the initial composite resin between before and after initial aging, as well as the color difference of repaired composite resins between before and after second aging, were significant (p<0.001). Also, after the second aging, the color difference between initial and repaired composite resin restoration were significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The color matching of the repaired composite resin with the initial one is not acceptable. In this way, replacement of initial composite suggested instead of repaired.

Effect of three prophylaxis methods on surface roughness of giomer

Objectives: Plaque and stains are removed by prophylaxis methods from tooth surfaces. Since prophylaxis methods can have a detrimental effect on the surface finish of restorations, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of three prophylaxis methods, including pumice with rubber cup, pumice with brush, andair-powder polishing device (APD) on the surface roughness of giomer.Study design: Sixty four cylindrical giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu) samples with a diameter of 6 mm and a heightof 2 mm were used. Subsequent to a 3-month period of storage in distilled water at 37ºC, the samples were randomly divided into four groups of 16. In group 1 (control), no prophylaxis procedure was carried out. In groups2 to 4 the samples were exposed to pumice with rubber cup, pumice with brush, and APD prophylaxis methods,respectively. The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a profilometer and the effect of different prophylaxis methods on surface topography was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: There were statistically significant differences in surface roughness among the groups (P < 0.0005).Furthermore, in pairwise comparisons there were statistically significant differences between all the groups (P <0.05). The roughest surfaces, in descending order, were observed with the use of APD, pumice with brush, and pumice with rubber cup.Conclusions: The use of different prophylaxis methods resulted in an increased surface roughness of giomer compared with the control group. APD prophylaxis exerted the most detrimental effects on the surface of giomer (AU)

Effect of three prophylaxis methods on surface roughness of giomer.

OBJECTIVES: Plaque and stains are removed by prophylaxis methods from tooth surfaces. Since prophylaxis methods can have a detrimental effect on the surface finish of restorations, the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of three prophylaxis methods, including pumice with rubber cup, pumice with brush, and air-powder polishing device (APD) on the surface roughness of giomer. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty four cylindrical giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu) samples with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm were used. Subsequent to a 3-month period of storage in distilled water at 37°C, the samples were randomly divided into four groups of 16. In group 1 (control), no prophylaxis procedure was carried out. In groups 2 to 4 the samples were exposed to pumice with rubber cup, pumice with brush, and APD prophylaxis methods, respectively. The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a profilometer and the effect of different prophylaxis methods on surface topography was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in surface roughness among the groups (P < 0.0005). Furthermore, in pairwise comparisons there were statistically significant differences between all the groups (P < 0.05). The roughest surfaces, in descending order, were observed with the use of APD, pumice with brush, and pumice with rubber cup. CONCLUSIONS: The use of different prophylaxis methods resulted in an increased surface roughness of giomer compared with the control group. APD prophylaxis exerted the most detrimental effects on the surface of giomer.